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TECHNICAL INFORMATION |
Effective Use of the Math Function Module (1) |
Math function modules (computation units) are widely used
in various process instrumentation systems. M-System offers various kinds of modules.
The following article is to explain M-Systems procedure of gain and bias
calculation methods. Models available are M2ADS (adder), M2SBS (subtractor), JF and JFK. |
Adder-subtractor |
Addition-subtraction
is necessary in cases where a total value indication for liquid flow through multiple
pipelines or that of liquid level for several reservoir tanks is required. An
adder-subtractor (M-Systems Math Function Module, Model JF or JFK) is used
for this purpose. Practical application examples are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. Figure 1 shows an example that indicates the total liquid flow, Flow 1 + Flow 2. Figure 2 shows an example that indicates the total amount of liquid of two cylindrical reservoir tanks, Level 1 + Level 2. Figure 3 shows another example that indicates the total quantity of liquid of two spherical reservoir tanks by the help of the linearizer that is able to convert liquid level of a spherical tank to the corresponding liquid amount. The Model JFX1 is a highly accurate Linearizer that provides a 100 segment poly-gonal line approximation representing this level. |
Gain Calculations Addition-subtraction | |||||||
The
Math Function Module does not have an indicator, therefore an engineering unit
scale is n ot used. Its input and output signals are limited to 4 20 mA
DC or 1 5 V DC. Computations within the module are carried out using numerical
values of 0 1 or 0 100%. When input and/or output conditions change,
the preset constants in the module must also be changed which can involve somewhat
complicated procedures. That is to say, gains and biases for the computation equation
s hould be re-calculated. In these calculations, the specific engineering unit
scalings should be used for bo th input and output signal ranges. As a typical example, Figure 4 shows the calculation procedure for the application shown in Figure 1. The input and output signal ranges for this example are as follows:
In this case, all engineering unit scales start at zero which means that bias need not be considered. Therefore, the following equation is used for the Math Function Module:
In most basic applications, the equation: Output = Flow 1 + Flow 2 is used. However, in this example the output range becomes 0 2 using this formula, instead of the 0 1 intended range. Because of this, values for gains K1 and K2 must be determined. The following equations are used to determine their values: The actual calculation for the example shown in Figure 4 is: |
Gain Calculations Biased Signal Range | ||||||||
An
example of gain calculations for biased signal ranges is shown in Figure 5. The
input and output signal ranges in engineering units are as follows:
When both Flow 1 and Flow 2 are 0%, the following is true:
In this case, only the gains K1 and K2 need to be considered in this application. Each gain is calculated by using the following: In this example, these are calculated as follows:
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Output Bias Calculation | ||||
When
the input signal range has a bias, and at the same time the output signal range
starts form zero without a bias, the math equation becomes slightly more complex.
A typical example is shown in Figure 6. The input and output signal ranges in
engineering units are as follows:
In this example, the output bias B in the following equation should be calculated. X0 = K1 x X1 + K2 x X2 + B First, the two inputs must be added in their respective engineering units at their 0% values. Output = 100 m3/H + 100 m3/H = 200 m3/H The resulting bias value (B) is calculated as follows: The gains K1 and K2 are calculated in the same manner as shown in the preceding example:
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