Protection tubes like thermowell or sheath are commonly used to provide isolation between temperature sensors (thermocouple, RTD) and the environment.
Head-mounted 2-wire signal conditioners are mounted in the connection head of protector tube, converting input from the sensor into a 4-20 mA DC signal.
Transmitting with 4-20 mA current signal provides for the measurement accuracy without needing to invest for expensive extension wires.